1. What is Albumin-Creatinine Ratio (ACR)?

The Albumin-Creatinine Ratio (ACR) is a medical test used to assess kidney function by measuring the amount of albumin (a protein) relative to creatinine in a urine sample. It's a key indicator for detecting early kidney damage, particularly in diabetic patients.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the ACR formula:

Where:

• \( Albumin \) — Albumin concentration in mg/dL
• \( Creatinine \) — Creatinine concentration in mg/dL

Explanation: The ratio normalizes albumin excretion to creatinine excretion, accounting for variations in urine concentration.

3. Importance of ACR Calculation

Details: ACR is crucial for early detection of diabetic nephropathy and other kidney diseases. It helps identify microalbuminuria (30-300 mg/g) and macroalbuminuria (>300 mg/g), which are markers of kidney damage.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter albumin and creatinine values in mg/dL. Both values must be valid (greater than 0). First morning urine samples are preferred for accurate results.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a normal ACR value?
A: Normal ACR is less than 30 mg/g. Values between 30-300 mg/g indicate microalbuminuria, and values above 300 mg/g indicate macroalbuminuria.

Q2: How often should ACR be tested?
A: Annual testing is recommended for diabetic patients. Those with elevated ACR may need more frequent monitoring.

Q3: Can factors other than kidney disease affect ACR?
A: Yes, urinary tract infections, fever, vigorous exercise, and menstrual blood can temporarily increase ACR levels.

Q4: How should samples be collected for ACR testing?
A: First morning void is preferred. Random samples are acceptable but may be less accurate due to dilution variations.

Q5: What actions should be taken if ACR is elevated?
A: Confirm with repeat testing, optimize blood pressure and glucose control, consider ACE inhibitors or ARBs, and consult a nephrologist if persistently elevated.