1. What is Stroke Volume?

Stroke Volume (SV) is the volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per beat. It is a crucial parameter in assessing cardiac function and is calculated using Velocity Time Integral (VTI) and Cross-Sectional Area (CSA) measurements.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the stroke volume formula:

Where:

• \( SV \) — Stroke Volume (mL)
• \( VTI \) — Velocity Time Integral (cm)
• \( CSA \) — Cross-Sectional Area (cm²)

Explanation: VTI represents the distance blood travels with each heartbeat, and CSA is the area through which blood flows. Their product gives the volume of blood ejected per beat.

3. Importance of Stroke Volume Calculation

Details: Stroke volume measurement is essential for evaluating cardiac output, diagnosing heart conditions, monitoring treatment effectiveness, and assessing overall cardiovascular health.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter VTI in centimeters and CSA in square centimeters. Both values must be positive numbers for accurate calculation.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a normal stroke volume range?
A: Normal stroke volume typically ranges from 60-100 mL in healthy adults at rest.

Q2: How is VTI measured?
A: VTI is typically measured using Doppler echocardiography by integrating the velocity curve over the ejection period.

Q3: Where is CSA typically measured?
A: CSA is usually measured at the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) using 2D echocardiography.

Q4: Can this calculation be used for other valves?
A: While primarily used for left ventricular output, the same principle can be applied to other cardiac valves with appropriate measurements.

Q5: What factors can affect stroke volume?
A: Preload, afterload, contractility, heart rate, and valvular function can all influence stroke volume measurements.