1. What is the Tsunami Velocity Formula?

The tsunami velocity formula estimates the speed of tsunami waves based on gravitational acceleration and water depth. It provides a fundamental understanding of how tsunamis propagate across ocean basins.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the tsunami velocity formula:

Where:

• \( v \) — Tsunami velocity (m/s)
• \( g \) — Gravitational acceleration (m/s²)
• \( d \) — Water depth (m)

Explanation: The formula shows that tsunami speed increases with water depth and is proportional to the square root of the product of gravitational acceleration and water depth.

3. Importance of Tsunami Velocity Calculation

Details: Calculating tsunami velocity is crucial for tsunami warning systems, coastal planning, and understanding tsunami propagation patterns across different ocean depths.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter gravitational acceleration in m/s² (typically 9.8 m/s² on Earth) and water depth in meters. All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why does tsunami speed depend on water depth?
A: Tsunamis are shallow water waves, meaning their speed is determined by water depth rather than wave period or wavelength.

Q2: What is the typical speed of a tsunami in deep ocean?
A: In deep ocean (4000-5000 m depth), tsunamis can travel at speeds of 500-800 km/h (approximately 140-220 m/s).

Q3: How does tsunami speed change as it approaches shore?
A: As water depth decreases near shore, tsunami speed decreases significantly while wave height increases dramatically.

Q4: Are there limitations to this formula?
A: This formula provides theoretical maximum speed and doesn't account for factors like ocean floor topography, Coriolis effect, or energy dissipation.

Q5: Can this formula be used for other wave types?
A: This specific formula applies to shallow water waves like tsunamis. Different formulas are used for deep water waves and wind-generated waves.